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Countries |
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Guide to DXing |
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Real Radio |
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Background:
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Azerbaijan - a nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Muslim
population - was briefly independent from 1918 to 1920; it regained
its independence after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Despite a 1994 cease-fire, Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its
conflict with Armenia over the Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh enclave
(largely Armenian populated). Azerbaijan has lost 16% of its
territory and must support some 600,000 internally displaced persons
as a result of the conflict. Corruption is ubiquitous, and the
government has been accused of authoritarianism. Although the
poverty rate has been reduced in recent years, the promise of
widespread wealth from development of Azerbaijan's energy sector
remains largely unfulfilled.
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Location:
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Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and
Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range
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Geographic coordinates:
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40 30 N, 47 30 E
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Map references:
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Asia
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Area:
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total: 86,600 sq km
land: 86,100 sq km
water: 500 sq km
note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous
Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the region's
autonomy was abolished by Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26
November 1991
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Maine
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Land boundaries:
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total: 2,013 km
border countries: Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566
km, Armenia (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km,
Georgia 322 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran
(with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km,
Turkey 9 km
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Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked); note - Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea
(800 km est.)
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Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked)
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Climate:
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dry, semiarid steppe
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Terrain:
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large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland) (much of it
below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north,
Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) in west; Baku lies on Abseron
Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m
highest point: Bazarduzu Dagi 4,485 m
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Natural resources:
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petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, bauxite
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Land use:
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arable land: 20.62%
permanent crops: 2.61%
other: 76.77% (2005)
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Irrigated land:
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14,550 sq km (2003)
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Total renewable water resources:
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30.3 cu km (1997)
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Freshwater withdrawal
(domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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total: 17.25 cu km/yr (5%/28%/68%)
per capita: 2,051 cu m/yr (2000)
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Natural hazards:
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droughts
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Environment - current issues:
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local scientists consider the Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron
Peninsula) (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to
be the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of
severe air, soil, and water pollution; soil pollution results
from oil spills, from the use of DDT pesticide, and from toxic
defoliants used in the production of cotton
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Geography - note:
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both the main area of the country and the Naxcivan exclave are
landlocked
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Population:
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8,177,717 (July 2008 est.)
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 24.6% (male 1,061,318/female 947,607)
15-64 years: 68.6% (male 2,753,277/female 2,855,406)
65 years and over: 6.8% (male 208,293/female 351,816)
(2008 est.)
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Median age:
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total: 27.9 years
male: 26.3 years
female: 29.7 years (2008 est.)
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Population growth rate:
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0.723% (2008 est.)
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Birth rate:
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17.52 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
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Death rate:
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8.32 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
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Net migration rate:
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-1.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.14 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.12 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 56.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 62.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 49.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 66.31 years
male: 62.2 years
female: 71 years (2008 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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2.05 children born/woman (2008 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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1,400 (2003 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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less than 100 (2001 est.)
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Nationality:
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noun: Azerbaijani(s)
adjective: Azerbaijani
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Ethnic groups:
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Azeri 90.6%, Dagestani 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other
3.9% (1999 census)
note: almost all Armenians live in the separatist
Nagorno-Karabakh region
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Religions:
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Muslim 93.4%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%,
other 1.8% (1995 est.)
note: religious affiliation is still nominal in
Azerbaijan; percentages for actual practicing adherents are much
lower
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Languages:
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Azerbaijani (Azeri) 90.3%, Lezgi 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian
1.5%, other 3.3%, unspecified 1% (1999 census)
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98.8%
male: 99.5%
female: 98.2% (1999 census)
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic of Azerbaijan
conventional short form: Azerbaijan
local long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasi
local short form: Azarbaycan
former: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
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Government type:
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republic
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Capital:
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name: Baku (Baki, Baky)
geographic coordinates: 40 23 N, 49 52 E
time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC
during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March;
ends last Sunday in October
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Administrative divisions:
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59 rayons (rayonlar; rayon - singular), 11 cities (saharlar;
sahar - singular), 1 autonomous republic (muxtar respublika)
rayons: Abseron Rayonu, Agcabadi Rayonu, Agdam Rayonu,
Agdas Rayonu, Agstafa Rayonu, Agsu Rayonu, Astara Rayonu,
Balakan Rayonu, Barda Rayonu, Beylaqan Rayonu, Bilasuvar Rayonu,
Cabrayil Rayonu, Calilabad Rayonu, Daskasan Rayonu, Davaci
Rayonu, Fuzuli Rayonu, Gadabay Rayonu, Goranboy Rayonu, Goycay
Rayonu, Haciqabul Rayonu, Imisli Rayonu, Ismayilli Rayonu,
Kalbacar Rayonu, Kurdamir Rayonu, Lacin Rayonu, Lankaran Rayonu,
Lerik Rayonu, Masalli Rayonu, Neftcala Rayonu, Oguz Rayonu,
Qabala Rayonu, Qax Rayonu, Qazax Rayonu, Qobustan Rayonu, Quba
Rayonu, Qubadli Rayonu, Qusar Rayonu, Saatli Rayonu, Sabirabad
Rayonu, Saki Rayonu, Salyan Rayonu, Samaxi Rayonu, Samkir
Rayonu, Samux Rayonu, Siyazan Rayonu, Susa Rayonu, Tartar
Rayonu, Tovuz Rayonu, Ucar Rayonu, Xacmaz Rayonu, Xanlar Rayonu,
Xizi Rayonu, Xocali Rayonu, Xocavand Rayonu, Yardimli Rayonu,
Yevlax Rayonu, Zangilan Rayonu, Zaqatala Rayonu, Zardab Rayonu
cities: Ali Bayramli Sahari, Baki Sahari, Ganca Sahari,
Lankaran Sahari, Mingacevir Sahari, Naftalan Sahari, Saki
Sahari, Sumqayit Sahari, Susa Sahari, Xankandi Sahari, Yevlax
Sahari
autonomous republic: Naxcivan Muxtar Respublikasi
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Independence:
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30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
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National holiday:
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Founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan, 28 May (1918)
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Constitution:
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adopted 12 November 1995
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Legal system:
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based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31
October 2003)
head of government: Prime Minister Artur RASIZADE (since
4 November 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Yaqub EYYUBOV
(since June 2006)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
and confirmed by the National Assembly
elections: president elected by popular vote to a
five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last
held 15 October 2003 (next to be held in October 2008);
prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by
the president and confirmed by the National Assembly
election results: Ilham ALIYEV elected president; percent
of vote - Ilham ALIYEV 76.8%, Isa GAMBAR 14%
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral National Assembly or Milli Mejlis (125 seats; members
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 6 November 2005 (next to be held in
November 2010)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by
party - Yeni 58, Azadliq coalition 8, CSP 2, Motherland 2, other
parties with single seats 9, independents 42, undetermined 4
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court
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Political parties and leaders:
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Azadliq (Freedom) coalition (Popular Front Party, Liberal Party,
Citizens' Development Party); Azerbaijan Democratic Party or ADP
[Sardar JALALOGLU]; Azerbaijan Democratic Reforms Party (ADRP)
Youth Movement [Ramin HAJILI]; Azerbaijan Popular Front or APF,
now split in two [Ali KARIMLI, leader of "Reform" APF party;
Mirmahmud MIRALI-OGLU, leader of "Classic" APF party];
Azerbaijan Public Forum [Eldar NAMAZOV]; Citizens' Development
Party [Ali ALIYEV]; Civil Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir
RUSTAMKHANLY]; Dalga Youth Movement [Vafa JAFAROVA]; Green Party
[Mais GULALIYEV and Tarana MAMMADOVA]; Hope (Umid) Party [Iqbal
AGAZADE]; Ireli Youth Movement [Jeyhun OSMANLI, Roya TALIBOVA,
Farhad MAMMADOV, Elnara GARIBOVA, Elnur MAMMADOV, Ziya ALIYEV];
Justice Party [Ilyas ISMAILOV]; Liberal Party of Azerbaijan
[Lala Shovkat HACIYEVA]; Magam Youth Movement [Emin HUSEYNOV];
Motherland Party [Fazail AGAMALI]; Musavat (Equality) [Isa
GAMBAR, chairman]; Musavat Party Youth Movement [Elnur
MAMMADLI]; National Democratic Party or Grey Wolves
(Nationalist, Pan-Turkic) [Iskender HAMIDOV]; Open Society Party
[Rasul GULIYEV, in exile in the US]; Party for National
Independence of Azerbaijan or PNIA [Ayaz RUSTAMOV]; Popular
Front Party Youth Movement [Seymur KHAZIYEV]; Social Democratic
Party of Azerbaijan or SDP [Araz ALIZADE and Ayaz MUTALIBOV (in
exile)]; Turkish Nationalist Party [Vugar BAYTURAN]; United
Azerbaijan Party [Karrar ABILOV]; United Azerbaijan National
Unity Party [Hajibaba AZIMOV]; United Party [Tahir KARIMLI];
Yeni (New) Azerbaijan Party [President Ilham ALIYEV]; Yeni
Azerbaijan Party Youth Movement [Ramil HASANOV]; Yox (No) Youth
Movement [Ali ISMAYILOV]
note: opposition parties regularly factionalize and form
new parties;
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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Sadval, Lezgin movement; self-proclaimed Armenian
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic; Talysh independence movement; Union
of Pro-Azerbaijani Forces or UPAF; Karabakh Liberation
Organization
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International organization participation:
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ADB, BSEC, CE, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,
Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM
(observer), OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SECI
(observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU,
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Yashar ALIYEV
chancery: 2741 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 337-3500
FAX: [1] (202) 337-5911
Consulate(s) general: Los Angeles
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Anne E. DERSE
embassy: 83 Azadliyg Prospecti, Baku AZ1007
mailing address: American Embassy Baku, US Department of
State, 7050 Baku Place, Washington, DC 20521-7050
telephone: [994] (12) 4980-335 through 337
FAX: [994] (12) 4656-671
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Flag description:
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three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a
crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in red
band
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Economy - overview:
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Azerbaijan's high economic growth in 2006 and 2007 is attributable
to large and growing oil exports. Azerbaijan's oil production
declined through 1997, but has registered an increase every year
since. Negotiation of production-sharing arrangements (PSAs) with
foreign firms, which have committed $60 billion to long-term
oilfield development, should generate the funds needed to spur
future industrial development. Oil production under the first of
these PSAs, with the Azerbaijan International Operating Company,
began in November 1997. A consortium of Western oil companies began
pumping 1 million barrels a day from a large offshore field in early
2006, through a $4 billion pipeline it built from Baku to Turkey's
Mediterranean port of Ceyhan. By 2010 revenues from this project
will double the country's current GDP. Azerbaijan shares all the
formidable problems of the former Soviet republics in making the
transition from a command to a market economy, but its considerable
energy resources brighten its long-term prospects. Baku has only
recently begun making progress on economic reform, and old economic
ties and structures are slowly being replaced. Several other
obstacles impede Azerbaijan's economic progress: the need for
stepped up foreign investment in the non-energy sector, the
continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region,
pervasive corruption, and elevated inflation. Trade with Russia and
the other former Soviet republics is declining in importance, while
trade is building with Turkey and the nations of Europe. Long-term
prospects will depend on world oil prices, the location of new oil
and gas pipelines in the region, and Azerbaijan's ability to manage
its energy wealth.
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$72.2 billion (2007 est.)
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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$31.07 billion (2007 est.)
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GDP - real growth rate:
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31% (2007 est.)
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GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$9,000 (2007 est.)
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 6%
industry: 64%
services: 29.9% (2007 est.)
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Labor force:
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5.243 million (2007 est.)
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 41%
industry: 7%
services: 52% (2001)
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Unemployment rate:
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8.5% official rate (2005 est.)
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Population below poverty line:
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24% (2005 est.)
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Household income or consumption by percentage
share:
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lowest 10%: 3.1%
highest 10%: 29.5% (2001)
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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36.5 (2001)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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16% (2007 est.)
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Investment (gross fixed):
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26.9% of GDP (2007 est.)
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Budget:
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revenues: $6.752 billion
expenditures: $8.36 billion (2007 est.)
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Public debt:
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5.4% of GDP (2007 est.)
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Agriculture - products:
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cotton, grain, rice, grapes, fruit, vegetables, tea, tobacco;
cattle, pigs, sheep, goats
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Industries:
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petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield
equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and
petrochemicals; textiles
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Industrial production growth rate:
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31% (2007 est.)
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Electricity - production:
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23.8 billion kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 89.7%
hydro: 10.3%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
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Electricity - consumption:
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27.5 billion kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity - exports:
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880 million kWh (2005)
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Electricity - imports:
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2.082 billion kWh (2005)
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Oil - production:
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934,700 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil - consumption:
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160,000 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil - exports:
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795,600 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil - imports:
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3,924 bbl/day (2004)
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Oil - proved reserves:
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7 billion bbl (17 April 2007 est.)
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Natural gas - production:
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6.3 billion cu m (2007 est.)
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Natural gas - consumption:
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9.8 billion cu m (2007 est.)
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Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2005 est.)
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Natural gas - imports:
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4.373 billion cu m (2005)
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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849.5 billion cu m (17 April 2007 est.)
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Current account balance:
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$7.535 billion (2007 est.)
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Exports:
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$19.53 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
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Exports - commodities:
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oil and gas 90%, machinery, cotton, foodstuffs
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Exports - partners:
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Italy 44.7%, Israel 10.7%, Turkey 6.1%, France 5.5%, Russia
5.4%, Iran 4.6%, Georgia 4.5% (2006)
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Imports:
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$6.376 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment, oil products, foodstuffs, metals,
chemicals
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Imports - partners:
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Russia 22.4%, UK 8.6%, Germany 7.7%, Turkey 7.3%, Turkmenistan
7%, Ukraine 6%, China 4.2% (2006)
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Economic aid - recipient:
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ODA, $223.4 million (2005 est.)
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Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$4 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
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Debt - external:
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$2.022 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
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Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
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$12.58 billion (2006 est.)
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Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
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$4.391 billion (2006 est.)
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Market value of publicly traded shares:
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$NA
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Currency (code):
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Azerbaijani manat (AZM)
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Currency code:
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AZM
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Exchange rates:
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Azerbaijani manats per US dollar - 0.8581 (2007), 0.8934 (2006),
4,727.1 (2005), 4,913.48 (2004), 4,910.73 (2003)
note: on 1 January 2006 Azerbaijan revalued its currency,
with 5,000 old manats equal to 1 new manat
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year
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Communications |
Azerbaijan |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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1.189 million (2006)
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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3.324 million (2006)
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: inadequate; requires considerable
expansion and modernization; teledensity of 15 main lines
per 100 persons is low; mobile-cellular penetration is
increasing and is currently about 40 telephones per 100
persons
domestic: fixed-line telephony and a broad range of other
telecom services are controlled by a state-owned
telecommunications monopoly and growth has been stagnant;
more competition exists in the mobile-cellular market with
three providers in 2006; satellite service connects Baku to
a modern switch in its exclave of Naxcivan
international: country code - 994; the old Soviet system
of cable and microwave is still serviceable; satellite earth
stations - 2 (2007)
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 10, FM 17, shortwave 1 (1998)
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Radios:
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175,000 (1997)
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Television broadcast stations:
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2 (1997)
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Televisions:
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170,000 (1997)
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Internet country code:
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.az
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Internet hosts:
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3,067 (2007)
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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2 (2000)
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Internet users:
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829,100 (2006)
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Transportation |
Azerbaijan |
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Airports:
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35 (2007)
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 27
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
1,524 to 2,437 m: 13
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 2 (2007)
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 8
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 7 (2007)
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Heliports:
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1 (2007)
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Pipelines:
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gas 3,857 km; oil 2,436 km (2007)
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Railways:
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total: 2,122 km
broad gauge: 2,122 km 1.520-m gauge (1,278 km
electrified) (2006)
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Roadways:
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total: 59,141 km
paved: 29,210 km
unpaved: 29,931 km (2004)
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Merchant marine:
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total: 86 ships (1000 GRT or over) 421,061
GRT/460,968 DWT
by type: cargo 26, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 9,
petroleum tanker 45, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker
3
registered in other countries: 4 (Georgia 1, Malta 3)
(2007)
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Ports and terminals:
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Baku (Baki)
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Military branches:
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Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces (2008)
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Military service age and obligation:
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men between 18 and 35 are liable for military service; 18 years
of age for voluntary military service; length of military
service is 18 months and 12 months for university graduates
(2006)
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Manpower available for military service:
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males age 16-49: 2,278,888
females age 16-49: 2,291,770 (2008 est.)
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Manpower fit for military service:
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males age 16-49: 1,696,167
females age 16-49: 1,923,556 (2008 est.)
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Manpower reaching military service age
annually:
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males age 16-49: 94,402
females age 16-49: 89,686 (2008 est.)
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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2.6% (2005 est.)
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Transnational Issues |
Azerbaijan |
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Disputes - international:
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Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh
and since the early 1990s has militarily occupied 16% of Azerbaijan;
over 800,000 mostly ethnic Azerbaijanis were driven from the
occupied lands and Armenia; about 230,000 ethnic Armenians were
driven from their homes in Azerbaijan into Armenia; Azerbaijan seeks
transit route through Armenia to connect to Naxcivan exclave;
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues
to mediate dispute; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia have ratified
Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while
Iran continues to insist on an even one-fifth allocation and
challenges Azerbaijan's hydrocarbon exploration in disputed waters;
bilateral talks continue with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed
and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian; Azerbaijan and
Georgia continue to discuss the alignment of their boundary at
certain crossing areas
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Refugees and internally displaced persons:
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refugees (country of origin): 2,800 (Russia)
IDPs: 580,000-690,000 (conflict with Armenia over
Nagorno-Karabakh) (2006)
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Illicit drugs:
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limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly
for CIS consumption; small government eradication program;
transit point for Southwest Asian opiates bound for Russia and
to a lesser extent the rest of Europe
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This page was last updated on 1 May,
2008
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MW Guide:
Introduction
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